تأثیر دگرگرده‌افشانی بر درصد تشکیل، خواص کمّی و کیفی میوۀ انگور رقم قزل‌اوزوم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهشی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ارومیه

2 کارشناس ارشد باغبانی، مدیریت جهاد کشاورزی خلخال

3 دانشیار گروه باغبانی دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

برخی ارقام انگور گل مادۀ فیزیولوژیک دارند و برای تشکیل میوه به گرده‌زای مناسب نیازمندند. در صورت کشت خالص آن‌ها، میزان تشکیل میوه به‌شدت کاهش می‏یابد. برای بررسی اثرات دگرگرده‌افشانی چهار رقم انگور عسگری، ریش‌بابا، بی‏دانۀ سفید و تبرزۀ سفید بر درصد تشکیل میوه، وزن، اندازۀ خوشه، وزن چوب خوشه، Tss، TA، pH آب و رنگ میوۀ انگور قزل‏اوزوم و مقایسۀ آن با خود و گرده‌افشانی آزاد این پژوهش بر پایۀ طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار انجام شد. جوانه‌زنی گردۀ والد گرده‌گیرنده در محیط جامد و مایع اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای گرده‌افشانی از نظر وزن خوشه، وزن چوب خوشه، تعداد حبه، درصد تشکیل میوه و pH اختلاف معنا‏داری داشتند. بیشترین وزن خوشه و بالاترین درصد تشکیل میوه در دگرگرده‌افشانی با گردۀ رقم بی‌دانه بود و این رقم به‌منزلۀ گرده‌زای مناسب برای قزل‌اوزوم توصیه می‌شود. در هر دو محیط کشت، دانه‌‏های گردۀ قزل‌اوزوم جوانه نزدند و در شرایط خود گرده‏افشانی هیچ میوه‏ای تشکیل نشد. بر این اساس این رقم انگور نر عقیم است و برای تولید میوه نیاز به گرده‌زای مناسب دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of cross pollination on fruit set and some quality and quantity fruit traits of grape cultivar qezel ouzum

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Doulati Baneh 1
  • Narjes Khatoon Abedi 2
  • Rasul Jalili Marandi 3
1 Scientific Board Member of agriculture and natural resources research center
2 Former Graduate Student, Jehade – Agriculture management, Khalkhal
3 Assistat Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

 
 
A number of grapevine cultivars have female flowers and for better fruit set, they need pollinizer. Single planting of these cultivars leads to severe decrease in fruit set. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of cross pollination with four grape cultivars (Askari, Rish baba, Bidane sefid and Tabarze sefid) on fruit set, bunch weight, berry per cluster, average weight of 20 berries, TA, TSS, pH and berry color of cv. Qezel ouzum to compare self and open pollination. Experiment was based on RCBD with four replications and seven treatments. Pollen germination of maternal parent was tested in both solid and liquid media culture. Results showed that cluster and rachis weight, %fruit set, berry number and pH were significantly affected by pollen sources. The heaviest bunch and the highest %fruit set of ‘Qezel ozum’ was obtained when cross pollinated with ‘Bidane sefid’. No pollen germination was observed in both culture media and no berry set in vineyard conditions in self pollination treatment. Based on these finding, Qezel ouzum of urmia is a male sterile cultivar which requires suitable pollinizer for commercial production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • pollinizer
  • pollen grain
  • physiological female
  1.  

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