پیامدها و دلالت‌های فروکاهش سرمایۀ سیاسی
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش سیاست نظری
علي کريمي مله
1
(استاد گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران)
کلید واژه: سرمایۀ سیاسی, اعتماد سیاسی, بوردیو, عملکرد و کارآمدی. ,
چکیده مقاله :
مفهوم سرمایۀ سیاسی، اصطلاحی نسبتاً نوپدید در قاموس سیاست و محل تلاقی دانش‌های گوناگون است که استواری سیاسی، همبستگی اجتماعی و انسجام ملی در نظام‌های سیاسی گسترده، پیچیده و غیرشخصی مدرن، بیش از پیش به آن وابسته است. با این حال علی رغم اهمیت بنیادین و کاربردی آن، هنوز پژوهش مستقل چندانی درباره آن صورت نگرفته است. از زاویۀ رهیافت نهادین، سرمایۀ سیاسی، سازه‌ای سیاسی- اجتماعی، پدیده‌ای اقتضایی، زمینه-مند و زمان پرورده است که تغییرات نزولی آن، پیامدهایی عمیق برای سامان و استواری سیاسی جوامع دارد. با این ملاحظه، این مقاله بدین پرسش اصلی می‌پردازد که پیامدها و دلالت‌های فروکاهش سرمایۀ سیاسی چیست؟ فرضیۀ مقاله چنین است که کاهش سرمایۀ سیاسی، پیامدهای چندوجهی مانند بالا رفتن هزینۀ مبادلات سیاسی، کاهش مشارکت مدنی، افزایش فساد، افزایش قابلیت تنظیم‌گری و مداخله جویی حکومت، رواج آنومی و نافرمانی و فرسایش مشروعیت سیاسی دارد و دلالت مهم آن، وقوع تغییرات جدی در ساحت‌های گوناگون جامعۀ سیاسی است. این نوشته با الهام از رویکرد نهادگرایی سیاسی و با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی در چهارچوب نظری ترکیبی بوردیو و دیگران، ابعاد مفهومی سرمایۀ سیاسی و پیامدها و دلالت‌های فروکاهش آن را بررسی می‌کند.
The concept of political capital is a relatively new term in politics. This concept is the intersection of various disciplines so that political stability, social solidarity, and national integration in the vast, complex, and impersonal modern political systems depend on it more than ever. However, despite its fundamental and practical importance, not much independent research has been conducted about it yet in the Persian language. From the perspective of the institutional approach, political capital is a socio-political construct, a contingent, contextual and time-laden phenomenon, whose decline has profound consequences for the political order and stability of societies. With this point in mind, the present article concentrates on this main question, what are the consequences and implications of the decline of political capital? The hypothesis is that the reduction of political capital has multifaceted consequences such as increasing the cost of political transactions, reducing civil participation, increasing corruption, increasing the government's interference, the prevalence of political anomie and disobedience, and the erosion of political legitimacy and its important implication is the necessity of serious changes in various fields of the polity. Inspired by the political institutionalism approach and with a descriptive-analytical method in the combined theoretical framework of Bourdieu and others, this article examines the conceptual dimensions of political capital and the consequences and implications of its decline.
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