Effects of Some Amino Acids and Organic Acids on Enzymatic Activity and Longevity of Dianthus caryophyllus cv. Tessino at Pre-Harvest Stage
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Vahid Abdossi
1
(Department of Horticultural Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.)
Elham Danaee
2
(Department of Horticulture, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran.)
کلید واژه: Organic acids, Amino acids, Longevity, Enzymatic activity, <i>Dianthus caryophyllus</i>,
چکیده مقاله :
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one of the most important cut flowers in the world. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of pre-harvest application of some amino acids and organic acids on enzymatic traits and longevity of carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus cv. Tessino) based on completely randomized design with 13 treatments and three replications. The treatments included ascorbic acid (AS), citric acid (CA), malic acid (MA), arginine (Arg), phenylalanine (Phe) and glutamine (Gln), each at two levels of 50 and 100 mg/l. The unsprayed pots constituted the control. The foliar application was carried out three times at 10-day intervals and it was so scheduled that the last stage of spraying was in the green pea stage. Sampling and evaluation of plant traits such as fresh and dry weight, petals anthocyanin, total leaf chlorophyll, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and flower longevity were measured on plants at the stage that at least two florets have been opened in the cluster. The results showed that 100 mg/l malic acid had the greatest effect on the improvement in fresh and dry weight, petals anthocyanin, and total leaf chlorophyll. Citric acid, ascorbic acid, and phenylalanine, all at the rate of 100 mg/l, had the greatest effect on improving the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzymes. Also, 100 mg/l glutamine could improve the longevity of flowers on the plants. Therefore, according to the results of this study, it can be concluded that pre-harvest foliar application of amino acids and organic acids improved enzymatic traits and the longevity of flowers on the plants in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) cv. Tessino.
میخک یکی از مهمترین گل‌های شاخه بریده در سراسر جهان است. این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات محلول‌پاشی پیش از برداشت برخی اسیدهای آمینه و اسیدهای آلی بر صفات آنزیمی و ماندگاری گل میخک خوشه‌ای(Dianthus caryophyllus) رقم ’‘Tessino روی بوته، بصورت طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با 13 تیمار، سه تکرار و هر تکرار حاوی پنج گیاه و در مجموع 195 گلدانانجام گردید. تیمارها شامل اسیدآسکوربیک، اسیدسیتریک، اسیدمالیک، آرژنین، فنیل‌آلانین و گلوتامین هر کدام با دو سطح 50 و 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و گلدان بدون محلول‌پاشی به­عنوان شاهد بود. محلول‌پاشی گیاهان سه مرتبه به­صورت ده روز در میان در پایه‌های یکسان انجام گردید، به نحوی که آخرین مرحله محلول‌پاشی در مرحله نخود سبز بود. نمونه‌برداری و سنجش صفات گیاه مانند وزن تر گل، وزن خشک گل، آنتوسیانین گلبرگ، کلروفیل کل برگ، فعالیت آنزیم‌های فنیل‌آلانین آمونیالیاز، پراکسیداز، کاتالاز، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و ماندگاری گل روی بوته نیز در مرحله‌ای که حداقل دو گلچه در خوشه باز شده بود، انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار اسیدمالیک 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بیشترین تاثیر را بهبود صفات مورد ارزیابی مانند وزن تر و خشک گل، آنتوسیانین گلبرگ و کلروفیل کل برگ داشت. تیمار گلوتامین 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بیشترین تاثیر را بهبود ماندگاری گل روی بوته داشت. همچنین تیمار اسیدسیتریک 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بیشترین تاثیر را بهبود فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، تیمار اسیدآسکوربیک 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بیشترین تاثیر را بهبود فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و تیمار فنیل‌آلانین 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بیشترین تاثیر را بهبود فعالیت آنزیم فنیل‌آلانین آمونیالیاز داشتند. بنابراین با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش می‌توان بیان نمود که محلول‌پاشی پیش از برداشت اسیدآسکوربیک، اسیدسیتریک، اسیدمالیک، آرژنین، فنیل‌آلانین و گلوتامین موجب بهبود صفات آنزیمی و ماندگاری گل روی بوته در گل میخک خوشه‌ای(Dianthus caryophyllus) رقم ‘Tessino’ گردید.
Abdel Aziz, N.G., Mazher, A.A.M. and Farahat, M.M. 2010. Response of vegetative growth and chemical constituents of Thuja orientalis L. plant to foliar application of different amino acids at Nubaria. Journal of American Science, 6 (3): 295-301.
Aebi, H. 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, 105: 121–126.
Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24 (1): 1–15.
Barth, C.M., Tullio, D. and Conklin, P.L. 2006. The role of ascorbic acid in the control of
flowering time and the onset of senescence. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57: 1657-1665.
Bayer, W.F. and Fridovich, I. 1987. Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: Some large consequences of minor changes in condition. Annals Biochemistry, 161: 559–566.
Bedour, K. and Rawia, A.E. 2011. Improving gladiolus growth, flower keeping quality by using some vitamins application. Journal of American Science, 7 (3): 169-174.
Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248-254.
Celikel, F.G. and Reid, M.S. 2002. Postharvest handling of stock (Matthiola incana). Horticultural Science, 37 (1): 144-147.
Danaee, E. and Abdossi, V. 2016. Evaluation of the effect of plant growth substances on longevity of gerbera cut flowers cv. Sorbet. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology, 7 (1): 1943-1947. (In Persian).
Darandeh, N. and Hadavi, E. 2012. Effect of pre-harvest foliar application of citric acid and malic acid on chlorophyll content and post-harvest vase life of Lilium cv. Brunello. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2 (106): 1-3.
Eidyan, B., Hadavi, E. and Moalemi, N. 2014. Pre-harvest foliar application of iron sulfate and citric acid combined with urea fertigation affects growth and vase life of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) ‘Por-Par’. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 55 (1): 9-13.
Emami, M., Ladan Moghadam, A.R. and Danaee, E. 2015. Study on the effect of pre-harvesting spray of citric acid and succinic acid on Dianthus caryophyllus flower in quantitative and qualitative characteristics. M.Sc. thesis, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch. (In Persian).
Ezhilmathi, K., Singh, V., Arora, P. and Sairam, R.K. 2007. Effect of 5-sulfocalicylic acid on antioxidant in relation to vase life of gladiolus cut flower. Plant Growth Regulator, 51: 99-108.
Glinicki. R., Sas-Paszt, L. and Jadczuk-Tobjasz, E. 2010. The effect of plant stimulant/fertilizer “Resistim” on growth and development of strawberry plant. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 18 (1): 111-124.
Kafi, M. and Ghasemi Ghahsareh, M. 2007. Scientific and practical floriculture. Ayeezh Press.
Kazemi, M., Hadavy, E. and Hekmati, J. 2012. Effect of salicylic acid, malic acid, citric acid and sucrose on antioxidant activity, membrane stability and ACC-Oxidase activity in relation to vase life of carnation cut flowers. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 8: 2053-2063.
Lopez-Bucio, J., Nieto-Jacobo, M.F., Ramirez-Rodriguez, V. and Herrera-Estrella, L. 2000. Organic acid metabolism in plants: From adaptive physiology to transgenic varieties for cultivation in extreme soils. Plant Science, 160 (1): 1–13.
Meng, X. 2004. Relation of flower development and anthocyanin accumulation in Gerbera hybrida. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 79 (1): 131-137.
Mirzapour, M., Hajireza, M.R., Zeynanlou, E.U. and Naeeni, R. 2013. The effect of pre-harvest application of citric acid and salicylic acid on Rosa hybrid cv. Avalanche longevity. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 16: 99-109. (In Persian).
Putter, J. 1974. In: Methods in enzymatic analysis, 2 (Ed Bergmeyer, A). Academic Press, New York. P. 685.
Redman, R.S., Freeman, S., Elifton, D.R., Morre, D. J., Brown, G. and Rodringuez, R.J. 1999. Biochemical analysis of plant protection afforded by a non-pathogenic endophytic mutant of Colletotrichum magna. Plant Physiology, 119: 795-804.
Starck, Z. 2007. Growing assistant: Application of growth regulators and biostimulators in modern plant cultivation (in Polish). Rolnik Dzierawca, 2: 74-76.
Tajik, N. and Danaee, E. 2016. Study the effect of spraying pre-harvest glotamin, arginine and phenylalanine on some physicochemical and enzymatic traits and longevity Gerbera jamesonii flower cv. Sorbet. Cellular and Molecular Plant Biology Journal, 8 (3,4): 13-21.
Talebi, M., Hadavi, E. and Jaafari, N. 2014. Foliar sprays of citric acid and malic acid modify growth, flowering, and root to shoot ratio of gazania (Gazania rigens L.): A comparative analysis by ANOVA and structural equations modeling. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Agriculture, Article ID 147278. 6 pages.
Teixeira da Silva, J.A. 2003. The cut flower: Postharvest considerations. Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(4): 406–442.
Zandieh, M., Ladan Moghadam, A.R. and Danaee, E. 2015. Study on the effect of pre-harvesting spray of of glutamine and malic acid on Dianthus caryophyllus flower in quantitative and qualitative characteristics. M.Sc. thesis, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch. (In Persian).