بررسی برخی ویژگی‌های بوم شناختی گیاه دارویی (Artemisia sieberi Besser.) و تخمین تراکم آن به روش شبکه‌های عصبی در بخش روداب سبزوار
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
علیرضا قاسمی آریان
1
(عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات وآموزش کشاورزی خراسان رضوی)
سیدفاضل فاضلی کاخکی
2
(عضوهیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات واموزش کشاورزی خراسان رضوی)
حسین روحانی
3
(مدیرگروه مدیریت وتوسعه کشاورزی مرکز تحقیقات واموزش کشاورزی خراسان رضوی)
کلید واژه: شبکه عصبی, تراکم, آت اکولوژی, درمنه دشتی,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده درمنه دشتی (Artemisia sieberi Besser) از تیره Asteraceae گونه ای دارویی در فلور ایران بوده که اسانس آن در درمان بیماری های انگلی و عفونی کاربرد دارد. طی سالیان اخیر، بخش هایی از رویشگاه های درمنه، توسط عوامل انسانی تخریب شده است. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی نیازهای آت اکولوژی و برآورد تراکم درمنه در سال 1396 در منطقه روداب سبزوار انجام گرفت. ابتدا محدوده درمنه زار بر روی عکس های ماهواره ای، تعیین و اطلاعات بوم شناختی آن، شامل (توپوگرافی، اقلیم، خاک، زمین شناسی و فنولوژی) جمع آوری گردید. در مرحله ی بعد، تراکم درمنه در مراتع تخریب شده با استفاده از مدل شبکه عصبی مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. بدین منظور 70 نمونه تصادفی خاک متشکل از متغیرهای مستقل (بافت، EC،SAR ، pH،N ،P ،K ، کاتیون ها، ماده آلی و درصد آهک) و نیز تراکم درمنه (متغیر وابسته) برای ساخت مدل استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان دادند که درمنه دشتی، ارتفاعات 1400 تا 1800 متر، شیب های صفر تا 12%، بارندگی 160 تا 200 میلی‌متر و خاک های لومی تا لومی ماسه ای آهک دار با شوری کم را ترجیح می‎‎دهد. فعّالیت رویشی درمنه از اواخر اسفند شروع شده و تا اوایل آذر بذرها می رسند. همچنین نتایج پیش بینی مدل نشان داد، کمترین تراکم درمنه با 11/0 در مترمربع مربوط به اراضی می باشد که 40 سال تحت تنش شخم قرار داشته اند و بیشترین تراکم درمنه با 4/0 در مترمربع مربوط به اراضی است که دو سال از تخریب آنها می گذرد.مدل رگرسیون (R2) نشان داد که متغیرهای مستقل، 95% در تعیین تراکم درمنه نفش دارند.
Abstract Artemisia sieberi Besser. (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant belongs to flora of Iran , which is used in treatment of parasitic and infectious diseases. In recent years, many habitats parts of this plant have been destroyed by human activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the autecological characteristics and estimation of Artemisia density in Roodab region of Sabzevar in 2017. At first the A.sieberi habitats was determined on satellite images, then ecological information including topography, climate, soil, geology and phenology was collected. In the next step, Artemisia densities in degraded rangelands were investigated by using neural network model. For this purpose, 70 random soil samples consisting of independent variables (texture, EC, SAR, pH, N, P, K, cations, organic matter and lime percentage) as well as dependent variable (plant density) were used to construct the model. The results were showed that A.sieberi prefers altitudes of of 1400 to 1800 m, 0% to 12% slope, 160 to 200 mm rainfall, and loamy to calcareous loam soils with low salinity. plant vegetative activity begins in late March and seed ripening occurs early in December. The results of model prediction indicated that the lowest plant density with 0.11 / m2 was related to the plots that were 40 years under plowing stress and the highest density with 0.4 /m2 was related to the plots after two years of degradation. The regression model (R2) showed that 95% of independent variables were involved in determining plant density. Model prediction also indicated that the lowest density by 0.11 and 0.4 plant per m2 belonged to rangelands have been plowed more than 40 years and which lasted two years from their destruction, respectively. Regression model (R2) also showed that independent variables have a 95% effect on the determination of A.sieberi density.
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